Exploring male and female preferences, male body condition, and pair bonds in the evolution of male sexual aggregation: the case of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

نویسنده

  • F. Sardà-Palomera
چکیده

One of the unresolved problems of male sexual aggregations is that a small number of males monopolize most matings. The Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix (L., 1758)), is a bird species that has a short life span and a reproductive strategy that involves male aggregations, which females visit for the purpose of mating. Once a mate has been chosen, birds leave the aggregation and form pair-bonds until incubation begins. This remarkable mating system might represent an intermediate step between lekking and pair-bond mating systems in which males provide some parental care. We designed a field experiment with funnel traps simulating male groups and single females to observe male and female preferences, and to examine the possible evolutionary process that drives males to aggregate. Radio-tagged individuals were also monitored to study pair-bonding behaviour in the field. Our results suggest that body condition is an important factor in male group formation, and that males with better body condition tend to aggregate, while males in poorer condition wait for extra-pair copulation opportunities. Moreover, this mating system creates a situation in which a queuing strategy might occur. Résumé : Un des problèmes irrésolus des rassemblements sexuels de mâles est qu’un petit nombre de mâles monopolise la plupart des accouplements. La caille des blés (Coturnix coturnix (L., 1758)) est une espèce d’oiseau à faible longévité dont la stratégie reproductive comprend des rassemblements de mâles que les femelles visitent dans le but de s’accoupler. Une fois le partenaire choisi, les oiseaux quittent le rassemblement et forment un lien de couple qui dure jusqu’au début de l’incubation. Ce système d’accouplement remarquable représente peut-être l’étape intermédiaire entre les systèmes d’accouplement avec formation de lek et ceux avec lien de couple dans lesquels le mâle fournit des soins parentaux. Nous avons imaginé une expérience de terrain avec des pièges en entonnoir qui simule des groupes de mâles et des femelles individuelles afin d’observer les préférences des mâles et des femelles et d’étudier les processus évolutifs possibles qui amènent les mâles à se rassembler. Nous avons aussi suivi des individus porteurs d’émetteur radio afin d’observer les comportements reliés à la formation du lien de couple en nature. Nos résultats indiquent que la condition corporelle est un facteur important dans la formation des groupes de mâles et que les mâles en meilleure forme physique tendent à se rassembler, alors que ceux qui sont en moins bonne condition attendent des occasions d’accouplement sans formation de couple. De plus, ce système d’accouplement crée une situation dans laquelle il peut se développer une stratégie de files d’attente. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2011